目的 研究新疆贝母属8种药用植物鳞茎的组织结构、生物碱及皂苷在鳞茎中的分布、西贝母碱苷、西贝母碱及贝母素乙的含量。方法 采用解剖学、组织化学和植物化学方法。结果 新疆贝母属8种药用植物鳞茎主要由表皮、皮层薄壁组织、有限外韧型维管束组成,其基本结构一致,并无种间差异。生物碱及皂苷在鳞茎中都有所分布,但其含量高低因品种不同而有一定的差异,生物碱主要分布于鳞茎的皮层薄壁组织细胞及维管束周围的薄壁组织细胞上,皂苷主要分布于鳞茎的表皮细胞和维管束周围的薄壁组织细胞上。黄花贝母、托里贝母、大白花贝母、裕民贝母同时含有西贝母碱苷、西贝母碱及贝母素,除了裕民贝母外,其余贝母中贝母素乙的含量高于西贝母碱苷、西贝母碱,在新疆贝母及伊犁贝母中不含有贝母素乙。结论 提示新疆贝母属8种药用植物鳞茎中活性成分含量与维管束的数目及薄壁细胞在鳞茎中所占比例有一定关联,在选择药用品种时要充分考虑这一因素,同时本实验结果也可为合理采收及扩大新药源提供理论依据。
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the structural features of vegetative organs, the location of alkaloids and saponins, and the contents of sipeimine-3β-D-glucoside, sipeimine and peiminine to clarify the similarities and differences in the bulbs of medicinal plants of Fritillaria from Xinjiang. METHODS Anatomy, histochemistry and phytochemistry approaches were used. RESULTS All the bulbs consisted of epidermis, parenchyma cells and closed collateral vascular bundles. The basic structure of bulbs was similar to medicinal plants of Fritillaria, but no feature could characterize the species. The histochemical test revealed that alkaloids and saponins were present in the bulbs, but the intensity and parts of histochemical reaction differed among different medicinal plants. The alkaloids existed in the parenchyma cells and vascular bundle of bulbs, while the saponins were present in the epidermis and parenchyma cells surrounded vascular bundle of bulbs. The phytochemical analysis revealed that sipeimine-3β-D-glucoside, sipeimine and peiminine were commonly present in the bulbs of F. verticillata, F. tortifolia, F. verticillata var.albidoflora and F. yuminensis, and the content of peiminine was higher than those of sipeimine-3β-D-glucoside and sipeimine except F. yuminensis. Peiminine was absent in the bulbs of F. walujewii and F. pallidiflora. CONCLUSION When choosing the species of Fritillaria, the fact that parenchyma cells have a large percentage and the total number of vessel is high in the bulbs of the medicinal plants should be fully considered. Data obtained in this research can be used to help identify and standardize the plant material and improve the output and quality of medicinal plants of Fritillaria from Xinjiang.
关键词
贝母属 /
生物碱 /
皂苷 /
组织化学 /
植物化学
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Key words
Fritillaria /
alkaloid /
saponin /
6 histochemical /
phytochemistry
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中图分类号：
R282
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参考文献
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脚注
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基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(81160544)
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